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Do M thuộc Ox, gọi tọa độ M có dạng \(M\left(m;0\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(1-m;-4\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(4-m;5\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-m;-9\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(9-3m;6\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(4-2m;-4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Q=2\sqrt{\left(9-3m\right)^2+6^2}+3\sqrt{\left(4-2m\right)^2+\left(-4\right)^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(6m-18\right)^2+12^2}+\sqrt{\left(12-6m\right)^2+12^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(18-6m\right)^2+12^2}+\sqrt{\left(6m-12\right)^2+12^2}\)

\(Q\ge\sqrt{\left(18-6m+6m-12\right)^2+\left(12+12\right)^2}=6\sqrt{17}\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b=-11\)

Gọi \(M\left(x;0\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-x;1\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(1-x;3\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-2-x;2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-2x+4;5\right)\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\sqrt{\left(-2x+4\right)^2+5}\ge\sqrt{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(-2x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\Rightarrow M\left(2;0\right)\)

M thuộc d nên: \(a-2b-2=0\Rightarrow2b=a-2\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-a;1-b\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(3-a;4-b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(3-2a;5-2b\right)=\left(3-2a;9-2a\right)\)

Đặt \(T=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\sqrt{\left(3-2a\right)^2+\left(9-2a\right)^2}=\sqrt{8a^2-48a+90}=\sqrt{8\left(a-3\right)^2+18}\ge\sqrt{18}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a-3=0\Leftrightarrow a=3\Rightarrow b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Đáp án A.